Eloïse PONT-CAMPOS, CNRS, Laboratoire Archéorient (UMR 5133), Université Lyon 2, France
Michel RASSE, Université Lyon 2, Laboratoire Archéorient (UMR 5133), France
Johanna LHUILLIER, CNRS, Laboratoire Archéorient (UMR 5133), France
The reconstruction of a Holocene paleoenvironmental history on the scale of Central Asia requires a rethinking of the relationship between space and time in this region, taking into account its great diversity of environments. The difficulty in harmonizing environmental data (Solomina and Alverson, 2004) suggests an increased interest in studying the anthropic factor, of which irrigation is a determining marker. This agricultural technique has been particularly developed since at least Antiquity (Oberhänsli et al., 2007) and has led to significant regional hydro-climatic changes (Shibuo et al., 2007). In the Former Soviet Union, the intensity and extension of this activity due to the agricultural mutations of the last century (Bloch, 2002), have led to a strong landscape and environmental reconfiguration, despite their short duration on the scale of the Holocene. An analysis of recent agrarian dynamics that have deeply modified the environment is thus an essential requirement for a rigorous study of Central Asian paleoenvironments.
It is therefore necessary to understand rural societies as socio-ecological systems (Ullah et al., 2009), to situate their influence on the hydrological system and on the formation of current landscapes, as well as to evaluate the pressure of these societies on the conservation of the vestiges of older processes.
This communication will focus on the study of the role of agrarian changes implied by the establishment and dismantling of kolkhozes in the evolution of regional environments. It thus proposes a reading of the most recent mutations, whose marks on the current hydro-agricultural landscapes implies a significant disturbance of the hydrosystems. This approach aims to provide a first sight in the reconstitution of landscapes in interaction with past societies, by working on shorter timeframes and evaluating the degree of erasure that they have generated on the older irrigation networks, land parcels and landscapes.
Mots clés : irrigation|paleoenvironments|landscape changes|Soviet kolkhozes|Central Asia
A105365EP