Industrialization and deindustrialization in Brazil (1930-2020)
The 1930 Revolution replaced the command exercised by the São Paulo coffee industry and by the English industry by landowners linked to the domestic market (cattle, milk) and by North American banks. From then until 1980, industrialization took place through the Prussian route, replacing imports, from simple consumer goods (fabrics, shoes, cigarettes) to mechanics and heavy engineering (Villares, Bardella, Camargo Correa, Odebrecht) responsible for the construction of the Itaipu Power Plant, the largest in the world at the time. Once the substitution of imports was completed, it was necessary to create a new economic and social model, according to Ignacio Rangel: 1) transfer the strangled infrastructure to the responsibility of private capital (railways, highways, ports); 2) raise workers' living standards by granting micro-lots to rural workers, reducing rural exodus and; 3) export of industrial products, as was happening with the construction of the hydroelectric plant in Angola and of railways and highways in Algeria, Iraq, Iran, against the supply of oil and the export of automobiles, weapons, etc. to the same destinations. It should be noted that at the time Brazil was a pioneer in the extraction of oil in deep waters and in the production of ethanol, demonstrating technological dynamism. However, the US since 1980 has imposed an anti-industrializing policy, forcing imports of clothing, shoes, automobiles, cranes and destroying or denationalizing national companies. Brazil, which in 1980 was a medium industrial power on a world scale, is currently a very small producer. There are strong indications that Brazilian industry will grow again, as it did in the first years of the Lula government, as it regains national sovereignty.
Mots clés : revolution of 1930|import substitution|Prussian way|USA|deindustrialization
A105102AM