Tainá BITTENCOURT, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Mariana GIANNOTTI, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Cities around the globe are progressively adopting chrono-urbanism ideas to build sustainable urban policies that may allow people to fulfill their basic needs within a short walk, bike ride or transit ride from their homes and thus reduce the social, economic and environmental impacts of transport. The application of this concept, however, faces the challenges of the spatial concentration of activities and the uneven spatial distribution of social groups, which result in cumulative and self-reinforcing inequalities. Moreover, the 15 or 30-minute city is not without criticism. Avoiding urban displacements may also represent reducing social interaction and increasing segregation. As a result, cities may potentially lose the characteristics that made them thrive, as being the space for encounters, creativity and production. In order to examine how far we are from the 15 and 30-minute city and the dimension of time to individuals from different social classes and ethinic groups in different parts of the world, we measure accessibility to several activities in São Paulo, Curitiba, London and Manchester. In this study, we introduce the Optimized Balancing Time (OBT) algorithm for accessibility analysis, which simultaneously captures social, urban and transport structures as endogenous variables and considers both population density (demand) and service capacity (supply), without losing communicability. Through the identification of urban centralities and territorial heterogeneities, we discuss the main challenges and opportunities of policies aiming at reducing inequalities, promoting social justice, and urban sustainability at the global and local scales.
Mots clés : accessibility|inequalities|chrono-urbanism|policies
A105092TA