BIOSPHERE RESERVES AS A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE TERRITORY AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF LA CAMPANA-PEÑUELAS BRANCH IN THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT OF CENTRAL CHILE
Marcelo LEGUIA CRUZ, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Chile
Andrés MOREIRA MUÑOZ, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
Biosphere Reserves (BR) are territories that have fragile ecosystems with conservation potential and that include communities that participate in the management of the territory. In Chile, there is no monitoring of the performance of these conservation categories designated by UNESCO, either individually or as a network of reserves at the national level, so the concern was born to evaluate the development model and take as a case of I study a reserve with high pressure for human use, this is the La Campana Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve, located almost entirely in the Valparaíso Region and to a lesser extent in the Metropolitan Region, 2 of the most populated regions in the country. The BR territory was analyzed from a territorial planning perspective on a regional scale and integrating elements of analysis in a territorial model. The performance of the BR was evaluated based on indicators and variables that simplified the analysis against the action strategies proposed for the BRs worldwide. Perception surveys were applied to the community that inhabits the BR and relevant actors of the territory were interviewed, both instances validated and proposed improvements for the performance indicators in the BR. Despite what can be expected from territorial planning processes, in the instruments analyzed there is an important consideration of the RB figure. The territorial model is able to capture a reality in land use and activities, which are not related to the current zoning model of the BR, which consists of gradual conservation rings (core, buffer and transition). The validation and consultation with the community shows the bad perception that exists about the work carried out by the management body of the RB, it also proposes issues of importance for the future governance of this territory, such as; the availability of water, social participation and the integration of Native Peoples.
Mots clés : Biosphere Reserves|Sustainable Development|Participatory Management|Territorial Planning|Performance Evaluation
A104568ML