Maria Tereza PAES, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Brazil
Gabrielli CIFELLI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Brazil
The material and symbolic universe of space production is a privileged object of the touristic look. Considering that patrimonial assets belong to culture and that the use of the soil, zoning and dispute over appropriation result from territorial planning and spatial strategies of the market, it is fundamental to understand their symbolic power, besides public policies and spatial ideologies (Berdoulay, 1985) which shape them as touristic products. This is the objective of this paper which assumes that valorization of the cultural heritage in Brazil legitimized culture commodification that made representations of the colonial heritage of “stone and lime” become hegemonic (Marins, 2017).
Heritage preservation has anchored urban renovation and touristic appropriation of world heritage sites in Brazil through gentrification processes and has revealed new dynamics to use them and their constitutive territories since the 1990’s.
To understand this new form of producing urban space, expressed as tourism refunctionalization (Paes, 2012), we selected and analyzed five historical centers – out of 23 world heritage sites in Brazil – that better represent the relation among cultural heritage, tourism, public policies, strategies of territorial marketing and production of images that attract both national and international markets (Gravari-Barbas, 2020): Salvador (BA), São Luis [GC1] [U2] [U3] (MA), Ouro Preto (MG), Olinda (PE) and Paraty (RJ).
This paper, which results from a literature review, a document analysis and field work, aims at analyzing such process critically based on the role of public policies on tourism and heritage in territorial planning of world heritage sites in Brazil, which were briefly described, while our analysis focused of the five previously mentioned urban historical sites.
Mots clés : Tourism Refunctionalization|Territorial Planning|Tourism|Spatial Ideology|World Heritage
A104316MP