Mónica DE CASTRO-PARDO, Complutense University of Madrid , Sudan
José María MARTIN , University of Granada, Spain
João C. AZEVEDO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal
Assessment and monitoring of conservation initiatives according to the natural, socioeconomic and political contexts in which they are implemented is of utmost importance to address advances and shortcomings of transformative processes aiming at sustainability. We analyzed the degree of implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Targets (Convention on Biological Diversity) in Europe considering simultaneously performance and limiting factors (drawbacks). For this we developed a novel composite indicator (ATCI) that we applied to 21 European countries. The process included i) selection of 37 indicators related to the 5 Aichi Strategic Objectives, 25 of which represent country performance in terms of implementation of the 18 terrestrial Aichi Targets and 12 represent drawbacks, ii) calculation of aggregated scores per objective for performance and drawbacks separately using two Bod-DEA models, iii) calculation of ATCI index scores integrating performance and drawback for each of the targets, and iv) country ranking, ATCI mapping and classification of countries in four clusters according to performance-drawbacks space: S1) Caution (high achievement-high drawbacks), S2) Excellence (high achievement-low drawbacks), S3) Fragility (low achievement-high drawbacks) and S4) Catching up (low achievement-low drawbacks). Results indicate that 52% of the countries (Italy, Hungary, Greece, Czechia, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Latvia, Slovenia and Slovakia) should pay urgent attention to Aichi Targets since they show the highest limitations to their implementation. Based on limitations, we identified two country profiles: i) countries with high economic development, high population density and high impacts on biodiversity and ii) countries of medium/low economic development, weak governance and few drawbacks related to human impacts on the environment. These impacts, however, can be aggravated if the economic situation improves and institutional constraints are not addressed.
Mots clés : Composite Indicators|Aichi Targets|BoD-DEA models|Governance|Biodiverstiy conservation policy
A104269JA