Urbanization and Social Inequality in India: Challenges and Way forward
Muntazim AHMAD, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India , India
Rashid FARIDI, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India , India
In both, developed and developing countries, urban centres show a substantial regional variation in terms of socioeconomic attributes. In 21st century, rapid and unplanned urbanization has become a difficult task to ensure human wellbeing and sustainable environmental goal in developing and developed countries as well. However, at present, the pace of urbanization in developing countries such as India is more than the developed countries(Khairka, 2009).
Urbanization, A long-term continuous process transforming rural societies to modern urban communities. It is also improving the economic as well as social life of people by providing better employment opportunities, better standard of life, higher life expectancy, and access to better health facilities and better education facilities in urban areas as compare to rural areas. However, urbanization is responsible for unequal distribution of income and wealth, which leads to increasing poverty and inequality (Tacoli et al., 2017). Urbanization is also creating social and economic inequality, which lead to social conflict, crime, and anti-social activities(Kundu & Gupta, 1994). The importance of cities and urban centres is continuously increasing since policy of economic liberalization of 1991 with respect to the economic development of India. However, with increased economic growth, prosperity is being concentrated in cities and urban centres, therefore, the rural–urban inequality in terms of social and economic aspects are widening (Bhagat & Mohanty, 2009). In India, social inequality is a major cause of social tension and conflict that caused for the decline of control and fall of order in society (Sharma, 2015).
This article is based on secondary sources of data. Various statistical techniques such as Mean, Coefficient of variation, Standard deviation, GINI Index and Karl Pearson correlation etc. used to represent and analysis data. SPSS and Excel are used for analysing data.
Mots clés : Urbanization|Social Inequality|Urban Centre|India|Education
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