The demographic tendences and processes in all Europe are similar because demography is a result of the cause effect relations from history. Demography is defined by exact laws for which there are concrete factors and causes. All Europe is in its 4th phase of demographic transition. This transition is distinguished with low fertility and mortality levels. It is also distinguished with higher life expectancy levels and increasingly aging population.
Only in the span of 100 years the average life expectancy has risen from 35 years to over 80 years of age. For example in Spain in the beginning of the 20th century the average life expectancy is 34,3 years, today is 83,4 years.
Towards the middle of the 21st century the average age of the European population will be about 50 years of age. And in countries like Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Serbia, which not accept immigrants it will be above 50 years of age.
And Europe is leading again in these processes. What is different in South-East Europe is the high level of emigration of young people and the significant desertion of the bordering areas.
There are three major serious demographic problems in South–Eastern European countries: intense emigration of young people, intensive ageing of the population and very high mortality rates, especially the case of Bulgaria 18,1 ‰ (2021). As a consequence, in the XXI century a demographic vacuum will occur and the main question is how and from where it will be filled in?
Mots clés : sustainable low birth rate|demographic crisis|emigration|intensive ageing of the population|new demographic models
A102685GB