Andrea LULOVICOVA, Université Côte d'Azur, ESPACE Laboratory UMR 7300, France
Stéphane BOUISSOU, Université Côte d'Azur, ESPACE Laboratory UMR 7300, France
Nicolas MARTIN, Université Côte d'Azur, ESPACE Laboratory UMR 7300, France
Numerous occidental cities are currently relocating agriculture closer to the consumers (Bricas et al., 2013). Whether it is done by developing urban or peri-urban agriculture, protecting lands from artificialisation, or encouraging population to consume local production, all aim to render our food system more sustainable (Théry, 2008). Research related to territorialised food systems demonstrates positive impact on the local economy and the environment (Malam-Rawlikowska et al., 2019; Chiffoleau and Dourian, 2020). Nonetheless, studies on this subject are mostly sectoral without considering the entire agri-food system and its interconnections. Our approach aims to design an evaluation methodology of territorial food system to measure its environmental impacts at all scales (from local to global ecosystems). The methodology is based on both a territorial life cycle analysis (Loiseau et al., 2014) and an assessment of the territorial ecological state. It enables to measure not only the environmental impact of a territorial food system at a given stage but also its dynamics in relation to local agri-food policies. The method is tested on two territories: The city of Mouans-Sartoux (Southeast of France), characterised by high population density and underdeveloped agriculture, and the department of Finistère (Northwest of France) with highly developed agriculture. Results show very different outcomes in the two cases. In Mouans-Sartoux, the environmental impact of food production imported to its habitants from other national and international territories represents more than 90% of the local food system impact. In Finistère, majority of the impact comes from local agriculture, even though an overwhelming part of the impact is also situated outside the territory. This first result proves that the developed methodology can be used by local authorities as an efficient tool for diagnosis, evaluation and prospective of local agri-food policies and land management planning.
Mots clés : sustainable agriculture|territorialised food systems|life-cycle assessment
A102641AL