In complex systems, segregation phenomena are paradigmatic of structures emerging from combination of local or individual processes. These processes leading to segregation can be very simple, as proven by Shelling (1971) and can be explained by agency of neighborhood structures (Moreno et al., 2009). In a urban context, segregation reflects also social inequalities and complex decisions from inhabitants and stakeholders.
The aim of this presentation is to study extensions of Schelling’s segregation model allowing us to identify the effects of urban form, individual behaviors and externalities. The study area is the city of Bogota, a metropolis of 10 M inhabitants where segregation is linked to social inequalities (Piron et al., 2007), accessibility, mobility and planning issues (Salas Vanegas, 2008).
Firstly, a Schelling model including road network shows that segregation is driven by the centrality of spatial features, showing that certain urban forms can lead to different kinds of segregation, not because of the processes that produces segregation, but because of spatial configuration that is implied by them. In a second extension of the model individual preferences on the choice between three kinds of criteria are included: proximity to city center, proximity to amenities and urban density. Combinations of these criteria are modelled by a belief-desire-intention agent-based model (Vanegas Hernandez, 2017). The final model permits to study the effect of zoning strategies and real-state dynamics, usually considered as an instrument of planning policies and real-state investments that reinforce segregation processes.
This comparison reveals that urban segregation processes are driven by geographical factors, like accessibility and zoning in a more sensitive way than individual choices or externalities. Further research studies should address the effects of proximity structures on different urban phenomena.
Keywords: segregation|urban simulation|modelling|proximity|Bogota
A105222DM